Long steel products that are rolled from billets. Merchant bar and reinforcing bar (“rebar”) are two common categories of bars, where merchants include rounds, flats, angles, squares, and channels that are used by fabricators to manufacture a wide variety of products such as furniture, stair railings, and farm equipment. Rebar is used to strengthen concrete structures.

A pear-shaped furnace, lined with refractory bricks, which refines molten pig iron from the blast furnace and scrap into steel. Scrap is charged into the furnace vessel, followed by the hot metal from the blast furnace. A lance is lowered from above, through which blows a high-pressure stream of oxygen to cause chemical reactions that separate impurities into fumes or slag.

A semi-finished steel product with a square cross section up to 150mm x 150mm. This product is either rolled or continuously cast and is further processed by rolling to produce finished long products. The range of semi-finished products above 150mm x 150mm are called blooms.

A furnace used in the integrated metallurgical process in which iron ore in the form of sinter is melted down under a hot air flow (enriched with oxygen), using coal in the form of coke as a heating and reducing agent in the chemical process. As a result, a liquid hot metal is produced, also called pig iron.